The Haenyeo Anti-Japanese Movement: Jeju’s Fight for Freedom Against Japanese Rule
- Eric Kim
- Mar 2
- 3 min read
Nestled off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island is renowned for its natural beauty and unique cultural heritage. Among its most compelling stories is that of the “Haenyeo,” or female divers, whose resilience and bravery not only sustained their communities but also fueled a significant anti-Japanese movement during the early 20th century. Today, the Jeju Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall stands as a testament to their indomitable spirit, offering visitors a profound insight into this pivotal chapter of history.
The Haenyeo: Pillars of Jeju’s Maritime Culture
For centuries, the Haenyeo have been the backbone of Jeju's coastal economy. Diving without breathing apparatus, these women harvested marine products such as abalone, sea urchins, and seaweed. Their expertise and endurance became emblematic of Jeju’s cultural identity. However, under Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945), their livelihoods faced severe threats due to oppressive economic policies and exploitation.
Jeju Haenyeo Anti-Japanese Movement Memorial Tower erected in Sangdo-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si on August 15, 1998.
The Haenyeo Anti-Japanese Movement
In the early 1930s, the Haenyeo’s discontent with colonial exploitation culminated in a remarkable uprising. The Japanese authorities had imposed exploitative practices, including unfair taxes and restrictive fishing regulations, which severely impacted the Haenyeo’s ability to sustain themselves. In response, in 1932, over 17,000 Haenyeo and local residents organized protests, marking one of Korea’s largest female-led resistance movements against Japanese colonial rule. Their courage and solidarity not only challenged colonial authorities but also inspired broader national resistance efforts (Park).
(VISIT JEJU)
Jeju Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall
To honor and preserve the legacy of these brave women, the Jeju Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall was established. Located in Jeju’s Jocheon-eup area, the museum serves as a comprehensive repository of artifacts, documents, and exhibits detailing the island’s resistance against Japanese occupation. Visitors can explore various sections, including:
Exhibition Halls: Chronologically arranged displays provide insights into the socio-political climate of the era, the Hanyeo’s daily lives, and the progression of the anti-Japanese movement.
Multimedia Presentations: Interactive installations and documentaries offer immersive experiences, bringing to life the struggles and triumphs of the Haenyeo.
Memorial Spaces: Dedicated areas pay homage to the individuals who sacrificed their lives for the cause of freedom.
The memorial hall not only educates visitors about this significant historical event but also serves as a symbol of resilience and the enduring human spirit (Kim).
Visiting Information
The Jeju Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall is open to visitors year-round. The surrounding area, known as “Manse Hill,” is historically significant as the site where the initial protests were held. The serene environment provides a space for reflection and appreciation of Haenyeo’s contributions to Korea’s history.
Directions to the Jeju Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall
It is located at 303, Sinbuk-ro, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-do. It is approximately 20 km from downtown Jeju City, and it takes around 30 minutes by car to reach the site.
For those using public transportation, take a bus from Jeju City Intercity Bus Terminal heading toward Jocheon-eup and get off at the “Jocheon Manse Hill” bus stop. From there, it is about a 10-minute walk to the memorial hall.
The memorial hall is open daily from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with the last admission at 5:30 PM. However, it is closed on January 1st, the Lunar New Year holidays, and the Chuseok holidays. Before visiting, it is recommended to check the official website (https://www.jeju.go.kr/hangil/index.htm) for up-to-date information (VISIT JEJU).
Conclusion
A visit to the Jeju Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall offers a profound journey into the past, highlighting the extraordinary courage of the Haenyeo. Their story is a testament to the power of unity and resistance in the face of oppression. As you explore Jeju Island, immersing yourself in this rich history will undoubtedly deepen your understanding and appreciation of its cultural tapestry.